spring AOP

AOP面向切面编程

面向切面编程是将程序抽象成各个切面。

AOP 要达到的效果是，保证开发者不修改源代码的前提下，去为系统中的业务组件添加某种通用功能。

用在哪里：日志、事务

AOP实现分类：

  • 静态 AOP 实现， AOP 框架在编译阶段对程序源代码进行修改，生成了静态的 AOP 代理类（生成的 *.class 文件已经被改掉了，需要使用特定的编译器），比如 AspectJ。
  • 动态 AOP 实现， AOP 框架在运行阶段对动态生成代理对象（在内存中以 JDK 动态代理，或 CGlib 动态地生成 AOP 代理类），如 SpringAOP。

AOP术语

  • 通知（Advice）: AOP 框架中的增强处理。通知描述了切面何时执行以及如何执行增强处理。
  • 连接点（join point）: 连接点表示应用执行过程中能够插入切面的一个点，这个点可以是方法的调用、异常的抛出。在 Spring AOP 中，连接点总是方法的调用。
  • 切点（PointCut）: 可以插入增强处理的连接点。
  • 切面（Aspect）: 切面是通知和切点的结合。
  • 引入（Introduction）：引入允许我们向现有的类添加新的方法或者属性。
  • 织入（Weaving）: 将增强处理添加到目标对象中，并创建一个被增强的对象，这个过程就是织入。

Spring中有哪些不同的通知类型

  1. 前置通知(Before Advice): 在连接点之前执行的Advice，不过除非它抛出异常，否则没有能力中断执行流。使用 @Before 注解使用这个Advice。
  2. 返回之后通知(After Retuning Advice): 在连接点正常结束之后执行的Advice。例如，如果一个方法没有抛出异常正常返回。通过 @AfterReturning 关注使用它。
  3. 抛出（异常）后执行通知(After Throwing Advice): 如果一个方法通过抛出异常来退出的话，这个Advice就会被执行。通用 @AfterThrowing 注解来使用。
  4. 后置通知(After Advice): 无论连接点是通过什么方式退出的(正常返回或者抛出异常)都会执行在结束后执行这些Advice。通过 @After 注解使用。
  5. 围绕通知(Around Advice): 围绕连接点执行的Advice，就你一个方法调用。这是最强大的Advice。通过 @Around注解使用。

spring的单例的bean有线程安全的问题吗？

默认bean是无状态的，但是破坏了无状态就会有线程安全问题。

源码

bean的代理（事务）

从IOC那里已经跟了一些源码了，AOP是在IOC创建bean时做的工作。

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protected Object doCreateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
			throws BeanCreationException 
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populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
// 在填弃Bean后 初始化bean中
exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);

initializeBean方法中

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// 调用postProcessors的后置处理器
wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
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@Override
public Object applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(Object existingBean, String beanName)
		throws BeansException {

	Object result = existingBean;
	for (BeanPostProcessor processor : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
		Object current = processor.postProcessAfterInitialization(result, beanName);
		if (current == null) {
			return result;
		}
		result = current;
	}
	return result;
}
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AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator类时
  	@Override
	public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(@Nullable Object bean, String beanName) {
		if (bean != null) {
			Object cacheKey = getCacheKey(bean.getClass(), beanName);
			if (this.earlyProxyReferences.remove(cacheKey) != bean) {
				return wrapIfNecessary(bean, beanName, cacheKey);
			}
		}
		return bean;
	}
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protected Object wrapIfNecessary(Object bean, String beanName, Object cacheKey) {
		if (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) && this.targetSourcedBeans.contains(beanName)) {
			return bean;
		}
		if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(this.advisedBeans.get(cacheKey))) {
			return bean;
		}
		if (isInfrastructureClass(bean.getClass()) || shouldSkip(bean.getClass(), beanName)) {
			this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);
			return bean;
		}

		// Create proxy if we have advice.
  	// 这里就获取到 事务的TransactionInterceptor
		Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(bean.getClass(), beanName, null);
		if (specificInterceptors != DO_NOT_PROXY) {
			this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.TRUE);
			Object proxy = createProxy(
					bean.getClass(), beanName, specificInterceptors, new SingletonTargetSource(bean));
			this.proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass());
			return proxy;
		}

		this.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);
		return bean;
	}

org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor: advice org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor@24b3f778

到这里返回的bean就是AOP代理的AService了。

调用带有事务的方法

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CglibAopProxy
DynamicAdvisedInterceptor
intercept 方法
  // 获取所有拦截器及动态拦截器通知
  // 就返回了TransactionInterceptor
  List<Object> chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method, targetClass);
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@Override
	@Nullable
	public Object proceed() throws Throwable {
		// We start with an index of -1 and increment early.
		if (this.currentInterceptorIndex == this.interceptorsAndDynamicMethodMatchers.size() - 1) {
			return invokeJoinpoint();
		}

		Object interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice =
				this.interceptorsAndDynamicMethodMatchers.get(++this.currentInterceptorIndex);
		if (interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice instanceof InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher) {
			// Evaluate dynamic method matcher here: static part will already have
			// been evaluated and found to match.
			InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher dm =
					(InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher) interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice;
			Class<?> targetClass = (this.targetClass != null ? this.targetClass : this.method.getDeclaringClass());
			if (dm.methodMatcher.matches(this.method, targetClass, this.arguments)) {
				return dm.interceptor.invoke(this);
			}
			else {
				// Dynamic matching failed.
				// Skip this interceptor and invoke the next in the chain.
				return proceed();
			}
		}
		else {
			// It's an interceptor, so we just invoke it: The pointcut will have
			// been evaluated statically before this object was constructed.
      // 这里会调用TransactionInterceptor的invoke方法
			return ((MethodInterceptor) interceptorOrInterceptionAdvice).invoke(this);
		}
	}
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@Override
@Nullable
public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
	// Work out the target class: may be {@code null}.
	// The TransactionAttributeSource should be passed the target class
	// as well as the method, which may be from an interface.
	Class<?> targetClass = (invocation.getThis() != null ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(invocation.getThis()) : null);

	// Adapt to TransactionAspectSupport's invokeWithinTransaction...
	return invokeWithinTransaction(invocation.getMethod(), targetClass, invocation::proceed);
}
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@Nullable
	protected Object invokeWithinTransaction(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass,
			final InvocationCallback invocation) throws Throwable {

		// If the transaction attribute is null, the method is non-transactional.
		TransactionAttributeSource tas = getTransactionAttributeSource();
		final TransactionAttribute txAttr = (tas != null ? tas.getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass) : null);
		// 获取事务管理器
    final TransactionManager tm = determineTransactionManager(txAttr);

		if (this.reactiveAdapterRegistry != null && tm instanceof ReactiveTransactionManager) {
			ReactiveTransactionSupport txSupport = this.transactionSupportCache.computeIfAbsent(method, key -> {
				if (KotlinDetector.isKotlinType(method.getDeclaringClass()) && KotlinDelegate.isSuspend(method)) {
					throw new TransactionUsageException(
							"Unsupported annotated transaction on suspending function detected: " + method +
							". Use TransactionalOperator.transactional extensions instead.");
				}
				ReactiveAdapter adapter = this.reactiveAdapterRegistry.getAdapter(method.getReturnType());
				if (adapter == null) {
					throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot apply reactive transaction to non-reactive return type: " +
							method.getReturnType());
				}
				return new ReactiveTransactionSupport(adapter);
			});
			return txSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(
					method, targetClass, invocation, txAttr, (ReactiveTransactionManager) tm);
		}

		PlatformTransactionManager ptm = asPlatformTransactionManager(tm);
		final String joinpointIdentification = methodIdentification(method, targetClass, txAttr);

		if (txAttr == null || !(ptm instanceof CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager)) {
			// Standard transaction demarcation with getTransaction and commit/rollback calls.
			TransactionInfo txInfo = createTransactionIfNecessary(ptm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification);

			Object retVal;
			try {
				// This is an around advice: Invoke the next interceptor in the chain.
				// This will normally result in a target object being invoked.
				retVal = invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
			}
			catch (Throwable ex) {
				// target invocation exception
				completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, ex);
				throw ex;
			}
			finally {
				cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
			}

			if (retVal != null && vavrPresent && VavrDelegate.isVavrTry(retVal)) {
				// Set rollback-only in case of Vavr failure matching our rollback rules...
				TransactionStatus status = txInfo.getTransactionStatus();
				if (status != null && txAttr != null) {
					retVal = VavrDelegate.evaluateTryFailure(retVal, txAttr, status);
				}
			}

			commitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo);
			return retVal;
		}

		else {
			Object result;
			final ThrowableHolder throwableHolder = new ThrowableHolder();

			// It's a CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager: pass a TransactionCallback in.
			try {
				result = ((CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager) ptm).execute(txAttr, status -> {
					TransactionInfo txInfo = prepareTransactionInfo(ptm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification, status);
					try {
						Object retVal = invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
						if (retVal != null && vavrPresent && VavrDelegate.isVavrTry(retVal)) {
							// Set rollback-only in case of Vavr failure matching our rollback rules...
							retVal = VavrDelegate.evaluateTryFailure(retVal, txAttr, status);
						}
						return retVal;
					}
					catch (Throwable ex) {
						if (txAttr.rollbackOn(ex)) {
							// A RuntimeException: will lead to a rollback.
							if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
								throw (RuntimeException) ex;
							}
							else {
								throw new ThrowableHolderException(ex);
							}
						}
						else {
							// A normal return value: will lead to a commit.
							throwableHolder.throwable = ex;
							return null;
						}
					}
					finally {
						cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
					}
				});
			}
			catch (ThrowableHolderException ex) {
				throw ex.getCause();
			}
			catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
				if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) {
					logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", throwableHolder.throwable);
					ex2.initApplicationException(throwableHolder.throwable);
				}
				throw ex2;
			}
			catch (Throwable ex2) {
				if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) {
					logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", throwableHolder.throwable);
				}
				throw ex2;
			}

			// Check result state: It might indicate a Throwable to rethrow.
			if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) {
				throw throwableHolder.throwable;
			}
			return result;
		}
	}

JDBC事务写法

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Connection conn = openConnection();
try {
    // 关闭自动提交:
    conn.setAutoCommit(false);
    // 执行多条SQL语句:
    insert(); update(); delete();
    // 提交事务:
    conn.commit();
} catch (SQLException e) {
    // 回滚事务:
    conn.rollback();
} finally {
    conn.setAutoCommit(true);
    conn.close();
}

同样上面的invokeWithinTransaction也相当于同样的代码。

spring
#spring
spring AOP
http://hanqichuan.com/2019/09/03/spring/spring AOP/
作者
韩启川
发布于
2019年9月3日
许可协议